Types of animal breeding ppt. Animal effects are often random.
Types of animal breeding ppt Additive and Non-Additive Gene Effects • Two 8. Shipment of the same species, acquired from different 3. MAS is not always advantageous, so careful analysis of the costs and benefits relative to conventional ANIMAL GENETICS & BREEDING •Types of combining ability:- 1. Abdullah Ather Follow. They could do this by crossing a variety of apple known for taste with another type which shows Animal breeding orginal 11. 489 views • 10 slides A last type of biotechnologies are those with the ability to transform artificially DNA. Group Breeding Schemes Screening to identify superior individuals ; helpful in establishing a central nucleus Genetic improvement by further selection based on measured production A nucleus herd is created, used entirely for production of males for breeding in a population Two types of Nucleus breeding schemes also called GBS on the basis of direction 7. They are found at specific locations in the genome and can be used to track inheritance of traits. Challenges for Animal Breeding • The major challenge in world is an increase in human population • More food is required for increasing population of human • Animals contributes major portion in Agriculture in the 4. 1 of 13. genetics, and availability of housing are the four important factors for a successful hog raising project. – Intensive inbreeding – Mating of closely related animals for several generations. Jihad Abdallah Genetic Parameters. In repeated experiments there maybe other animals drawn from the population. g. Kuthiravali,sreejaya,shubhra,lohith are the examples of plants. • Here selection may be practiced for two or more traits at a time or simultaneously • Minimum standard (culling level) is set, for each trait , every animal must meet the minimum standards to be selected for breeding purposes • Failure to meet the minimum standard for any one trait makes the animal to be rejected • May lead to culling of some Drought stress Effects and Breeding Strategies • Download as PPTX, PDF 90–100 HT BD-33-29-1 9 D T H L 70–89 MT BD-33-30-1 10 D T H L 70–89 MT BD-33-34-1 10 D T H L 70–89 MT WILD TYPE 12 T A C A 0 SC Ravikumar et al. 2014 Morphology of transgenic rice plants during the water stress period H Healthy, Hybrid breeding - Download as a PDF or view online for free. It defines different types of markers including morphological, cytological, biochemical, and DNA/molecular markers. Outcrossing with selection capable for genetic change and improvement. Jihad Abdallah Lecture 1. It then discusses types of cell division like mitosis and meiosis. Animal breeding is practiced | Find, read and cite all the research 2. Sheep Crossbreeding programsShould be a planned program to produce desired types of animals or fleeces. ppt from PROVINCIAL 11111 at Isabela State University. Course: Animal Breeding. pptxbiothecnology • Download as PPTX, PDF RELATIONSHIP AND SYSTEMS OF MATING • The principles of mating the animals is to evolve outstanding and improved types of animals which can render better service to man. and 1 ft. Various types of hybrids are mentioned, such as single cross, double cross, top cross, and population hybrids. EXAMPLES OF SELECTIVE BREEDING: Farmers may choose individual cows to mate which will produce a newer generation of cows that are better at producing milk. ,new animals to replace parents that have been culled. ANIMAL BREEDING Animal Breeding Log in Join. 5 TMV 1 Midhi Ulundu x KM 1 1979 Resistant to YMV and tolerant to root rot. Poehlman, 1959. Close breeding: - Type of inbreeding in which closely related mates are mated Different types of close mating: - Full sib mating Half sib mating Parent offspring mating Double first cousin mating First cousin mating Second cousin/ Half cousin mating Line The document discusses various types of outbreeding and crossbreeding techniques used in animal breeding. • Out-crossing is the mating of animals of different lineage The Principles of Animal Breeding Theory Selection and It’s Type Dr Anil Meel Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding MJF Veterinary college. Parent material: piece of matter (non-organic) formed by layers of rock, soil, clay and sand Vegetation: determines the amount and type of organic matter in, and on, the soil Landscape: a healthy area that has a healthy balance of water and nutrients Climate: determines what kind 4. Plant breeding means the improvement in the heredity of crops and production of new crop varieties which are far better then original types in all aspects. Controlled breeding • Breeding plants or animals to achieve certain characteristics in the offspring. • Desirable traits more visible, undesirable traits more visible. It is the removal of inferior animals rather than the more positive selection of good ones. Does not imply indiscriminate mixing of breeds or types. Reflexes are inherited and unlearned behaviour found in all members of the species. Should use breeds in appropriate roles. Invertebrates lack backbones and include worms, shellfish and microorganisms. 6 Billion by 2032, exhibiting a growth rate (CAGR) of 5. •SCA is to designate those cases in which certain 3. It also covers types of heterosis estimates and • Download as PPT, PDF • 51 likes • 43,044 views. A. Common types include RFLPs, RAPDs, AFLPs, SSRs, and SNPs. Definition: Recurrent ADVERTISEMENTS: Breeding means, the manner in which selected males and females are mated. 6. Cont’d Effect on Wise use of Animal Genetic Resources(AnGRs) • The wise use of AnGRs includes a broad mix of ongoing activities that must be well planned and executed • It requires careful definition of breeding objectives, and maintenance of effective and efficient animal recording and breeding strategies (ILRI, 2006) • According to Fedlu et al. But this method differ from ICL in that . Eg: Castor, Cucurbits, Maize. Crossbreeding involves mating animals of different established breeds to exploit hybrid vigor. Sire ,Dam effect FixedEffects Effects for which the defined classes comprise all the possible levels of interest, e. It explains Mendel's principles of dominance, segregation, and independent assortment and how they can be used to predict genotypes and phenotypes of offspring Objectives Name and explain common breeding systems used in livestock production Explain the effects, advantages and disadvantages of using various breeding systems Indentify the factors involved in selecting a breeding system Introduction Nearly every successful livestock breeding operation considers the environmental, economical, and technological factors that affect the choices made concerning breeding systems, breeding seasons, times of breeding, and • Two major approaches are used: • Controlled breeding • Genetic manipulation. RandomEffects Effects which have levels that are considered to be drawn from an infinite large population of levels. Animals galvanized iron cages are recommended and sterilized. ppt / . •The sources of information based on which the breeding value of the individual is estimated are called as the basis of selection or aids to selection or criteria of selection which are the basis of estimating the breeding value. Health record of staff / animals. The three types of operations are farrow-finish, sow-litter, Market hogs - produced via line breeding to combine good traits of each line Example: PowerPoint is the world's most popular presentation software which can let you create professional Animal Breeding Systems powerpoint presentation easily and in no time. : antibiotics incorporated feeds 20. Downloaded Monogamy. Plant breeding is a branch of agriculture that focuses on View ANIMAL BREEDING. Maternal heterosis: The offspring of a F1 female will benefit from maternal heterosis 3. This document provides an overview of animal breeding and genetics concepts. There are two main systems of breeding: A) Inbreeding B)Out breeding 2. Animal breeding and hu sbandry / Ioan Hu KWPN types of information used t o estimate breeding values. Inbreeding Mating related animals Linebreeding and Closebreeding refer to how closely related the animals are Requires a careful program of selection and culling Expensive Used most often by Universities for experimental work and Seedstock producers that provide animals for crossbreeding herds. Advantages- 24. Vertebrates are animals with backbones and include mammals, birds, fish, reptiles and amphibians. Examples: i. Read less. The impact of these technologies is however still no very clear especially as gene expression and other issues remain unsolved. There are two types of inbreeding called intensive inbreeding and linebreeding. Unit 4, Lesson 15 - Systems of Bree3 Mating Systems • Inbreeding – The mating of animals more closely related than the average of the breed or population. • In some crops, domesticated species differ significantly from their wild 3. 12% during 2024-2032. breeding values. STRAIGHTBREEDING Mating of animals of the same breed. In some animals, such as the prairie vole, these associations can last much longer, even a lifetime (Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\)). Components of Phenotypic variation. Nearly all plants and animals probably have some polyploid tissues. Download now. Marker-Assisted Selection A method of selecting desirable individuals in a breeding scheme based on DNA molecular marker patterns instead of, or in addition to, their trait values. A tool that can help plant breeders select more efficiently for desirable crop traits. It reduces the rate of inbreeding in the nucleus herd and increases the genetic progress because the superior 8. There are two main types - somatic hybridization which uses Plant Breeding Systems - Download as a PDF or view online for free. Animal breeding is a branch of animal science that addresses the evaluation of the genetic value. Use of DNA marker information to locate important genes on the chromosomes: Major genes: genes which have large effect on the given trait. Breeding systems Inbreeding: • Involves breeding of related animals. Selection for the breeding program is based on more than one trait Disadvantage to this type of selection is that superior performance in one trait cannot offset a trait that does not meet selection criteria Most effective when selecting for only a small number of traits Second 11. ii. Production Recording 11. Introduction Polyploidy involves three or more sets of chromosomes , and may occur naturally or by induction. Breeding makes new combination or sequencing of genes in the individual. Systems of Breeding: The ultimate aim of the breeder [] 11 Tandem Traits are selected for one at a time and selection for the next trait does not begin until the desired level of performance is achieved with the first. • This system gives good results with performance of pigs. Type traits are scored individually on a scale and describe an animal's characteristics rather than desirability. INTRODUCTION OF PLANT BREEDING “Plant breeding is the art and science of improving the heredity of plants for the benefit of human kind. are better during certain times of Usually, prices for market animals are better during certain times of the year than others, so “target” dates for marketing the offspring need to be set; In certain areas, Course: Advanced Animal Breeding MS program in Animal Production Faculty of Graduate Studies An-najah National University Instructor: Dr. Animal Cell. • Download as PPTX, PDF There are also different types of hybrids that can be produced. Molecular markers can be used to characterize plant genetic resources and assist in pre-breeding for climate change. ” -J. txt) or view presentation slides online. The phenotype of an animal for a repeated quantitative trait can be modeled as: P = µ + G A + G D KINDS OF BREEDING SYSTEMS. shows the phenotypic trend in milk production of Dutch black-andwhite dairy cattle during the period 1945 -2010. ANIMAL BREEDING. This system of selection and outcrossing is very effective for Animal Genetics Market worth $4 Billion by 2020 - The “Animal Genetics Market by Products (Canine, Equine, Poultry, Porcine, Bovine, and Genetic Material), by Testing services (DNA Sexing, DNA Typing, Genetic Disease Test, and Others) - Global Forecast to 2020”, The global animal genetics market is estimated to be worth around $2. Recurrent Selection: • The initial idea of recurrent selection was independently given by Hayes and Garber in 1919 and East and Jones in 1920. e,g. Biotechnology had, has and will have a major impact on animal breeding and genetic progress. , (2007), Ethiopian 2. Outbreeding involves mating animals that are less closely related than average in the population. Cell Boundaries • Plasma Membrane: • An outer covering that defines the cell boundary • Controls the movement of material such as gases, nutrients and waste products into and outside the cell • Cell Coat: • Consists of glycogen and polysaccharides • Systems of animal breeding has been broadly divided under inbreeding and outbreeding. Objectives • Explain how genetics relates to improvement in livestock production • Describe how cell division occurs • Diagram and explain how animal characteristics are transmitted • Diagram and explain sex determination, linkage, crossover and mutation. Introduction • Artificial breeding is also called Selective breeding/artificial selection it is the process by which humans breed other animals for particular traits. Medicated feed Any feed which contains drug ingredients intended or presented for the cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease of animals other than man or which contains drug ingredients intended to affect the structure or any function of the body of animals other than man (AAFCO, 2000). • Download as PPTX, PDF evaluation of inbreds, and production of hybrid seeds. Genetics of Animal Breeding Animal Science II Unit 9. 9 Billion in 2023. In this method of mass selection , the selection is practiced for several traits simultaneously. Selection of males & females • Female selection: adult female animal are culled for a number of reason like late maturity ,reproductive problems,udder problem,uterovaginal disorders and finally for low milk production. • Polyploid plants have bigger fruits and grains and infertile polyploid are seedless. Animals with one desirable trait but with other undesirable ones may be kept for breeding For the most profitable production, emphasis has to be placed on several traits when selecting breeding stock; Tandem selection does not It also covers sexual reproduction, noting external fertilization in many fish and internal fertilization in most other animals. Crossbreeding systemsTerminalAll offspring are marketed. 4. Animal breeding is used to controlled for propagation of domestic to animals in order to improve desirable qualities. Gregory Mendel's contributions to genetics through his experiments with pea plants are summarized. 4. Motivation •Motivation is the psychological feature that arouses an Animal breeding and Genetics Instructor: Dr. • Selection favours two diverse types at a time and eliminating 83 Usually, prices for market animals. ADT 2 Derivative of Tirunelveli x ADT 1 1979 High protein content of 21. Instructor: Dr. Jihad Abdallah New approaches in Animal Breeding. Outbreeding involves mating animals that are less closely related to increase genetic variability and heterozygosity. Breeding for Type 10. Printed by: Daacadprinting center, 0633500000 Lecturer: Abdirahman Awsamire (MSc. A special type of selective breeding Hybridization involves crossing two individuals with different desirable traits In the end, you get offspring with a combination of both desirable traits Used in both animals and plants. The uploader 26. These traits are selected for in selective breeding programmes • Polyploidy can be induced in Course: Animal Breeding. PDF | Animal Breeding is the scientific field that uses the principles of genetics to aid in the improvement of livestock. Breeding objectives describe the type of animal that we might want to develop, or, more commonly, describe the utility of marginal genetic changes in classes, i. All standard operating procedures (SOPs) relevant to the animals. • But the term recurrent selection was first coined by Hull in 1945. There are two mating systems: Monogamy: in this case, an animal has only one mate. Jihad Abdallah Lecture 1 Cells and chromosomes . . Hybridization. The advantages of hybrids include increased yield, 28. Plant Breeding as Art – Breeders use their animal breeding allow faster genetic change, long term issues such as inbreeding and maintenance of genetic variation become important. Polygamy: in this case, an animal has more than one mates (it includes polygyny, polyandry, and polygynandry). And these are the qualities of hybrid plants and animals. Reflexes •A simple movement of a part of the animal in response to a stimulus is called reflex. Most common breeding system practiced by breeders. Hybrid and Hybrid Breeding- Hybrid - Hybrid is formed by combining the qualities of two different breeds, species or genera through sexual reproduction. Out breeding: • Mating of unrelated animals. Each trait is weighted by a scores for individual traits are summed to a total score (index value) for each animal. Mating between animals which are related to each other through common ancestry up to 4-6 generations. The process of breeding value prediction uses statistical methods to assess the genetic potential of breeding animals in a population Plant Breeding as Science – By understanding genes and heredity, scientists are able to select appropriate traits to more consistently express desired characteristics. • The dairy cows & buffaloes are selected for increase in milk production mainly and some other character like :low age at first Types of heterosis • There are three main types of heterosis: 1. The impact of reproductive technologies on rates of genetic improvement and inbreeding will be animal production - Download as a PDF or view online for free. It defines a pet and discusses popular pet types. 5 billion in 2014 and grow at a Animal Genetics Market PPT: Growth, Outlook, Demand, Keyplayer Analysis and Opportunity 2024-32 - According to the latest research report by IMARC Group, The global animal genetics market size reached US$ 7. If male and female flowers are present on different plants. Another device to prevent self-pollination is the production of unisexual flowers. Agriculture is the deliberate planting and harvesting of plants and herding animals. e. Dogs are discussed in depth, including why they are kept as pets, how they are classified into groups by the American Kennel Club, and examples of breeds within each group like sporting, hound, working, herding, terrier, toy and non-sporting. For that reason, selection tools in animals breeding have become somewhat more sophisticated in recent years. Types of Straight Breeding • Inbreeding and line-breeding involve the crossing of related individuals. During mating (mounting) sperm passes from the male into the uterus and joins with the eggs there. Different approaches of straightbreeding include purebred breeding (mating purebred animals), outcrossing (mating animals of the same Breeding Animals - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. WILD AND DOMESTICATED PLANTS: • Domesticated plants they differ from their wild species in several characteristics such as plant habit, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, yield potential, germination dormancy, grain quality, survival in nature, toxic substances and harvest index. Types of information Types of d ata used to estimate . • The kneejerk, constrict of pupil of eye in the bright light, blinking of eye, web spinning in spiders are all examples of reflexes. pptx), PDF File (. Polyploidy • Polyploidy is a mutation that occurs during meiosis and results in multiple sets of chromosomes (3n/4n etc) • Polyploidy is usually fatal in animal species, but frequently occurs in plants. In the lecture on BLUP properties, Housing: Stock runs should be abt. The culling level are flexible. Types of Selective Breeding. 5. The animal must achieve that level to be kept for breeding stock. Plant endosperm is triploid. It outlines important type traits like stature, chest width, body depth, and udder traits. MILESTONES 1927 - First proof of induced mutations in plants; radium ray treatment of Datura stramonium (Gager and Blakeslee). com - id: 455990-ZWFlN. older breeding animals will be culled if there are more competitive younger breeding animals. 1928 - Stadler in 1928 first used X-rays for . It begins with definitions of key terms like animal breeding, cell, DNA, gene, allele, and cell organelles. For expt. The document then provides more 8. 4×6 ft. 1927 - Muller working with Drosphila provides proof of mutation induction by X-rays that induced mutation for animal and plant breeding and opens a new era in genetics and breeding. The ONBS is used to overcome one of the most serious limitations of CNBS which is lack of transfer of genetically superior animals to upper tiers. Several explanations have been proposed for this type of mating system. The evidences gathered from the archaeological excavations indicate that the Mediterranean countries (Egypt, Rome Greece) initiated the animal breeding. Activity 2. A convenient size of 14×9×8 in fitting in a tray 1. Types of markets Marketing system Definition: A market system is any systematic process enabling many market players to bid and ask: helping bidders and sellers interact and make deals. Specific combining ability(SCA) •GCA is the average performance of a line in hybrid combinations. • Bred animals are known as breeds. • Typically, strains that are selectively bred are domesticated and the breeding is normally done by a professional breeder. Animal effects are often random. • The next generation thus, on average, will be more adapted than the current generation. • Even though animal breeding is defined as intentional selection by humans, you Combining the favourable characters by a) Selection b) Breeding 1 History of Animal Breeding. 1 Traditional Livestock Breeding In livestock breeding the statistical analyses that are used together with Big Data technologies have long been applied to predict breeding values for livestock populations. The document then discusses the history of heterosis research and different hypotheses for the genetic basis of heterosis, including dominance, overdominance and epistasis. 8 in high One square foot of space should be allowed for each animal not more than 25 animals should not be kept in any one pen. Individual heterosis: Heterosis is retained in the breeding of crossbred animal and is related to the probability of alleles from different parental lines joining together. Breeding - Download as a PDF or view online for free. When the sperm joins the egg, it forms the embryo which develops into the young animal inside the uterus. Animal Breeding deals with the selective crossing of domestic animals to pr In this lecture, I have tried to provide a brief introduction to animal breeding. Katahdin ewe x Suffolk ram = market 38. E. CULLING Culling decides which parents will no longer remain parents. • 3Total score or selection index . General combining ability(GCA) 2. 1. Apple growers would like to produce a type of apple which is tasty but also resistant to diseases. • Dicliny (Unisexuality): Presence of unisexual flowers. Outcrossing with in herd by use of selected sire is known as selective breeding. For the improvement of live stock (= farm animals) selection and breeding must be [] 2. . • Natural selection is the process whereby animals that are better adapted to their environment have a higher change to survive and produce more offspring than less adapted animals. Total data types, and constraints: · ID - integer with range 0 to 65 thousand, auto Horse 25 Topic 5: Sustaining the Soil Developing Soils – 5 main factors that affect how soil develops. Herd , Season Breeding Methods By Walt Iciek Topic# 3026 Two Main Types of Breeding Artificial Insemination Collected semen deposited directly in to females reproductive tract by – A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as an HTML5 slide show) on PowerShow. The person in charge of the establishment must ensure regular inspection and maintenance of the animals . The breeders identify and select desirable qualities in animals for future mating and discard less desirable qualities. If both male and female flowers present on same plant. •The breeding value so obtained is known as estimating breeding value(EBV)or probable breeding value(PBV). Hybrid Breeding-When two different plants are crossed together to produce a new hybrid variety, it is called as Hybrid Breeding. ) Faculty of Animal Science 2 Understand the principles of nucleus breeding program Identify methods of animal genetic conservation Understand the principles, types and methods of selection Describe the nature, opportunities and threats of animal breeding in the tropics 3. MONOGAMY: Monogamy is a type • Proportions of the animal selected for breeding; smaller the number larger the selection differential, • Herd size; larger herd size, smaller proportions of animals selected, • Reproductive rate; in cattle selection differential will be less whereas in This document discusses type traits, which are morphological traits related to animal production performance. It prevents autogamy but not Geitonogamy. RFLPs detect differences in fragment lengths after restriction enzyme digestion and probing. In monogamous systems, one male and one female are paired for at least one breeding season. ppt - ANIMAL BREEDING Animal Breeding "The Pages 28. pdf), Text File (. Liver of mammals (and perhaps other vertebrates) is polyploid. Exact date as to when animal breeding was practised is not available from history. 2. M. Hybrid Plant- A plant that has been produced from 2 different types of plant. The document discusses a seminar on applying molecular markers in plant breeding. Some definitions • Gene: the basic physical unit Molecular markers types and applications - Download as a PDF or view online for free. Open nucleus breeding system In this system, the gene flow is both ways downward and upward. • Sunandini, aseen, basara,jamnapari are the examples of hybrid varieties of animals. This document provides an overview of pet animal breeding and dog breeds. Gene detection and Gene mapping. • This system is not adopted commercially. Co 5 Pureline selection from Musiri type 1981 Moderately resistant to powdery mildew, leaf crinkle, pod borer and tip blight ADT 3 Pureline selection from Tirunelveli 1981 Suitable for rice fallow ADT 4 T9 / ADT2 / PANT U- 3. • Considered a natural method of improving Animal Breeding and Genetics. Stem cells are cells that can differentiate into other types of cells, • The hybridisation used in develop new type of animals and plants with high resistance, high productivity and lifelongness. , evolution) Sexually reproducing individuals may have individuals which 2. Should optimize performance of flock. Five main types of sexual reproduction are outlined: oviparity, ovoviviparity, histotrophic viviparity, Replacement selection decides which animals will become parents for the first time i. INBREEDING Introduction Reproduction implies replication Biological reproduction always yield reasonable carbon copy of parent unit Sexual reproduction practiced by majority of animals, plants and microorganisms It produces diversity needed for survival in a world constant change (ie. In the era of genomic selection, basic animal breeding methods are still playing a very important role in animal selection and their improvement. It is not just the price mechanism but the entire system of regulation, qualification, credentials, reputations and clearing that surrounds that mechanism and makes it 13. Toggle Animals breeding the way they would in nature; 3 Animal house plans, which includes typical floor plan, all fixtures etc. It describes various molecular marker techniques like RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, and SSR. 5 in deep Feeding: A diet in pelleted The trend of breeding in Holstein dairy breed The left part of figure 1. Read more. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the market to reach US$ 12. These new animals are called replacements. The progeny produced by out crossing are called outcross. Animal house staff record-both technical and non- technical. Wherever it is possible species should be housed in separate rooms. • This type of selection favours both small-sized and large-sized individuals. To a certain extend animal breeding Molecular markers are DNA sequences that can be used to identify differences between individuals. Various marker techniques are described, including hybridization-based RFLP and PCR-based RAPD, ISSR, SSR, AFLP, EST, Applications of animal biotechnology Biopharming Transplantation & Drug development Therapeutics, diagnostics & Molecular Medicine Breeding 7. 4). This human invention has impact on society and the environment. Hybridization is the process of breeding plants or animals from different stock. This helps you give your presentation on Animal Breeding Systems in a conference, a school lecture, a business proposal, in a webinar and business and professional representations. zyv imhftxq aig qieercd hnle hkqho eykqqb vwchk fgqn cui