Usmc ww2 uniform history. Reproduction WW2 USMC uniforms from At the Front.

Usmc ww2 uniform history 21, 2022. 8, 2012. Oct 3, 2024 · U. British military uniforms, WW2 uniforms, RN uniforms, wartime uniforms, naval officer uniforms, ratings uniforms, World War 2 navy, British naval history, uniform evolution, practical uniforms, naval insignia, naval ranks, dress regulations, Royal Jun 27, 2019 · The United States Marine Corps was one of the phenomena of the Second World War. The Mari ne Corps, and the military in general, has a long history of using symbols, emblems, medals and other paraphernalia to adorn uniforms. Carlson's Raid: The Daring Marine Assault on Makin. Many items US made. Marines with Headquarters Battalion display uniforms from different time periods during a Marine Corps birthday pageant on Marine Corps Base Hawaii, Nov. Army Comparative military ranks of World War II; List of equipment used in World War II; Imperial Japanese Army Uniforms; United States Army Uniform in World War II; Ranks and insignia of the Red Army and Navy 1940–1943; Ranks and insignia of the Soviet Armed Forces 1943–1955 US Marine Corps Pacific Theater of Operations 1944–45. Early Years: 1775-1850 The Continental Marines, the precursor to the modern Marine Corps, were established in 1775. Marine Corps uniforms and equipment have evolved Jul 2, 2023 · The United States Marine Corps has a rich history, and part of that history involves their uniforms. The U. And these have the early markings: "QUARTERMASTER DEPT / US MARINE CORPS / 1940-1941". H. 2. 7) USMC Uniforms and Equipment 1941-1945-Bruno Alberti Jul 6, 2024 · As societal attitudes towards gender evolved, so did the design and acceptance of female uniforms. Sep 30, 2017 · The United States Marine Corps was one of the phenomena of the Second World War. This was before they started the "DQP" stampings The second set of leggings are the WW1 pattern and look like the Army M1910's to me. The uniform was exceedingly simple, consisting of only two pieces. It was initially intended to be worn for work and training. It's heyday was with the 1st Marine Provisional Brigade at Pusan though it did see limited use after that. The US Marine Corps has clung to its WWII service uniforms with very minimal changes over the years, and has thus avoided the identity crisis that many other service branches seem to suffer. Epic History Bunker Ltd World War 1 and World War 2 reproduction military uniforms. In Jan 8, 2013 · The P41-This the go to HBT uniform for World War II and much of the Korean War The P44- This was introduced late in WW2 and was held back further do to the gas protection abilities of the uniform. Modified P47: Some P47’s were modified by removing the lower pockets so they can be comfortably tucked in for garrison duty. Jacket and pants both tagged with 1938 date and name M. Army Enlisted Men's Winter Service Uniform. This is best illustrated during World War II, when in the name of functionality, practicality, and respect for distinct Polynesian culture, unique Marine Corps uniforms were created and worn by American Samoan Marines. With over 25 years experience manufacturing reproduction garments, I hope to be able to offer some Sep 8, 2023 · Yes, your information give me something to start with. This is the same herringbone twill weave uniform shown in figure 1. Readers who can provide information or illustrations on this subject are invited to do so by communicating with the History and Museums Division. The design of early army uniforms was influenced by both British and French traditions. I guess I'm a little late in inquiring about her military events. " Here is a photo of USMC recruits in boot camp in WWII wearing their pith Sep 13, 2007 · The Marine Corps didn't officially adopt a utility cover until 1944 when they came out with the version with longer bill and stencilled EGA on the front. Maxfield Hurlbut Dunlap at the Marine Corps base at Parris Island, SC, May 1942. 1950's. Its mission evolved with changing military doctrine and foreign policy of the United States. Uniforms for the War of 1812 were made in Philadelphia. Since 2006 the company and product range has grown rapidly and we now carry over 1000 product lines including WW1 British Army uniforms, WW1 Anzac uniforms, WW1 German uniforms, WW2 Soviet Red Army uniforms, WW2 Italian uniforms, WW2 Japanese uniforms as well as British Napoleonic, Crimean and Victorian uniforms Nov 7, 2022 · Tom Huntington is the editor of Aviation History and World War II magazines. Sep 8, 2012 · A while ago I posted a thread in the research section and thanks to the responses I was able to go ahead and purchase this uniform. In the National Archives, researchers can find records on the United States Marine Corps ranging from the capturing of the shores of Tripoli to the doctrine of modern amphibious and combined arms operations. Terms such as M40 and M43 were never designated by the Wehrmacht , but are names given to the different versions of the Model 1936 field tunic by modern collectors, to discern between variations, as the M36 was steadily Apr 19, 2012 · This is in regards to one of my uniforms I am restoring. Smith, George W. The USMC adopted the P-41 uniform in November 1941. Recruits received the new blue utilities in July 1967 and the green ones where not permitted after July 1971. Tropical Combat Uniform. ” General Dwight D. U. Floyd L. May 25, 2013 · Army Uniforms: Early America (1786-1833) The year 1812 was a very confusing one in regard to uniforms. Minter. It will be shown that the familiar blue background insignia with five white stars, red diamond and white skull was first introduced only nine short months before the four Raider Battalions were disbanded on 1 February 1944. ISBN 0-313-31906-5. These loose fitting sage green herringbone twill (HBT) cotton jackets feature, original Jul 5, 2024 · This jacket remains an iconic piece of military history, embodying the resilience and functionality of the uniforms worn by US Army personnel during World War II. Sylvia and Michael J. The Korean War was a significant conflict that took place between 1950 and 1953. Aug 8, 2009 · "Sgt. Hamblet Award. Marines wore in the Pacific campaigns of WWII from Guadalcanal through the flag raising atop Mt. (2001). Hello, my name is Graham Fife, or McDuff on the forums. It is from a man who was very close friends with the vet and was given this before the man went into an assisted living home. Still, with the outbreak of the war, The USMC immediately put the wear-resistant and comfortable workwear to use in combat, and the P-41 became known as a combat uniform. All are copied directly from our original examples and licensed by the real United States Marine Corps. The Paramarines (also known as Marine paratroopers) was a short-lived specialized combat unit of the United States Marine Corps, trained to be paratroopers dropped from planes by parachute. Dec 7, 2015 · An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Uniforms of World War II: An Expert Guide To The Uniforms Of Britain, America, Germany, Ussr And Japan, Together With Other Axis And Allied Forces [North, Jonathan, Jeremy Black Jeremy Black] on Amazon. Quantico, VA 22134 World War II – 1975 National Archives at College Park (NWCTM) Oct 10, 2024 · The uniforms worn by the Navy during World War 2 were designed to be functional, comfortable, and reflective of the branch’s proud history. Rosa Osborn was the 2022 recipient of the Julia E. I. The set is comprised of the following: - One size 44" WW2 USMC US Marine Corps P41 USMC Combat Uniform Field Utility Jacket in Olive Drab. 2) Grunt Gear- Alec S Tulkoff. Search. Eliminating the obvious, when women were officially authorized to serve in the Marine Corps Reserve, one might ask themself why we don’t celebrate the date Opha May Sep 15, 2010 · J The P42 trousers have only one small patch pocket on the rear(per side)/P44s have the large Butt pocket/pouch which covers the entire back of the seat. Garrison caps made in HBT material were constructed to wear with this uniform. 1950 - The evening dress uniform for Marine Corps women officers was introduced for the first time by Colonel Katherine A. The WW2 Navy uniform was an essential part of a sailor’s identity and played a significant role in their daily lives. Original Items: Only One Set Available. com An additional uniform change came about by the decision to bring back the "dress blue" uniform whose wear had been discontinued during World War II. The "Ruptured Duck" was given to those members of the U. Each year, in November, the company’s primary focus is supporting Marine Corps Birthday celebrations, including the Commandant’s Birthday Ball in Washington, D. Magruder Award for excellence in preserving and presenting Marine Corps history. The US Military Uniforms of WW2 Clothing Contract History Project. The enlisted men's winter service uniform in 1941 consisted of a wool serge four-button coat with four pockets in olive drab shade no. Consisting of a white blouse and skirt in twill for enlisted, and white twill or palm beach white for officers, the jacket was modelled on the summer service uniform blouse, open necked and with short sleeves, four patch pockets, each closing with top flap fastened initially by a single white button Mar 13, 2007 · The first is the typical pre/early WW2 pattern with bright brass hardware. Towle at the Marine Corps birthday ball at the Sail Loft, Naval Gun Factory, Washington, D. One of the first Army-wide regulations, adopted in 1789, prescribed blue coats with colored facings to identify a unit's region of origin: New England units wore white facings, southern units wore blue facings, and units from Mid-Atlantic states wore United States Marine Corps P41 Herringbone Twill Utility Uniform These are the herringbone twill uniforms that U. Department of Defense Photos (USMC) 7416: Pvt Anna K. Just this picture. Rottman, Gordon L. 16, Clothing the Soldier of World War II, in the section discussing jungle clothing, it states that USMC officers agreed with the Army's conclusion that the camouflage fabric, based on visibility issues, was unsuitable for jungle operations. . The unifo Jun 16, 2019 · Pfc. Above: Pictured are a few examples of the types of original source documents that are used in support of this website. I will try to locate some p The standardization of uniforms by the four services resulted in a common blue uniform utility outfit, dark blue slacks, cap, and sweater, and a light blue shirt. His name is Julian B. May 3, 2024 · Air Force. United States Marine Corps P42 Reversible Camouflage HBT Uniform. , official documents, personal papers and special collections, maps, photos, film/video, and select Marine Corps history and doctrinal books) and research The US Military Uniforms of WW2 Clothing Contract History Project. My mother is wearing the uniform and died when I was a young child. It was fought between North Korea, supported by China and the Soviet Union, and South Korea, backed by the United Nations forces led mainly by the United States. Oct 1, 2021 · The Marine Corps soon adopted a two-piece uniform made of the same camouflage material and used that same material for a helmet cover during the Korean War. , said Williams, who Each of our buttons is authentic. driscoll, usmcr pcn 19000319900 history and museums division headquarters, u. The United States Navy played a crucial role during this time, with its personnel donning a variety of uniforms that reflected their rank, position, and the specific duties they performed. But I am not sure how they were dressed? Did they wear their Forest Greens/Khaki's or did they wear their HBTs? If anybody has any photos I would appreciate it! Thank You. This Marines was in the USMC Military Police and served in Hawaii during the duration of the WWII. Here the uniform is worn with the tropical fiber helmet for sun protection. 33 (OD 33), wool trousers, and a long-sleeved wool shirt, both in olive drab shade 32 (OD 32). They settled in Beaufort, SC. They are an excellent way to commemorate the brave soldiers who fought in this conflict. Eisenhower considered the Army’s World War II military uniform to be restricting and poorly suited for combat. SIMMONS Brigadier General, U. com. Marines with Papa Company, 4th Recruit Training Battalion, receive their Eagle, Globe and Anchor on Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island, S. Then came marriage to a Marine, moving often due to his orders, the births of their three children, being a single mom during his overseas tours, and her husband’s retirement from the Marine Corps in 1973. Marine Corps World War II Order of Battle – Ground and Air Units in the Pacific War, 1939–1945. AR-15. At the Front is a company located in Kentucky, specializing in recreating Exact Replica US Marine Corps Uniforms worn by soldiers in WW2. Nov 19, 2024 · As we explore the history of Marine Corps uniforms, we will examine the key events, trends, and innovations that have shaped the corps' visual identity. Suribachi on Iwo Jima, all the way up to the Inchon landing during the Korean War. Camo pattern on both sides like the original uniform. The tropical uniform of the peacetime for the American marines was the ‘Chinos’ of class C, which was practically identical to those of the American soldiers of the US Army. The standardization of uniforms by the four services resulted in a common blue uniform utility outfit, dark blue slacks, cap, and sweater, and a light blue shirt. Listed below are our excellently reproduced uniforms and equipment for United States Marines of the WWII era. 3 The book Grunt Gear * Notice - during WW2 the standard issue "Dog Tags" used by USMC were tags of "C" and "D" shape, the wider use of U. Top quality recreations of the fatigues worn by the Marines in the Second World War. The history of the United States Marine Corps (USMC) begins with the founding of the Continental Marines on 10 November 1775 to conduct ship-to-ship fighting, provide shipboard security and discipline enforcement, and assist in landing forces. The US Army began experiments with camouflage in 1940–1941. S. For anyone wishing to make a donation to the Marine Corps History Division, we consider archival donations on a case-by-case basis and only when the donations are of historical relevance (e. Our P1941 USMC Herringb Marine Corps History Division Attn: Archives Branch 2044 Broadway St. s. These were the green or khaki, cotton jacket and trousers. History of the US Marine Uniform WW2. World War II marked a significant shift in the design of military uniforms for all branches, including the Marines. Nov 11, 2014 · In honor of Veterans Day and those who have worn a uniform while serving their country, here’s the story behind the famous jacket now on display in our exhibit “Making Their Mark: Stories Through Signatures. Reece Lodder/Marine Jul 6, 2024 · As societal attitudes towards gender evolved, so did the design and acceptance of female uniforms. WWII Summer Service uniform (originally Plisse Crepe) was also purchased and no historical information is known. O’Donnell. Nice to see a great original collection in an often overlooked field in World War Two history. Greatly expanded from its prewar order of battle of scattered defense battalions, overseas garrisons and ship detachments, it became a multi-division force bearing the brunt of the hardest fighting across the whole vast expanse of the Pacific theater of operations. [4]In 1942, the Marine Raiders were the first issued the Frog Skin uniform, which was reversible with a five-color jungle pattern on a green background on one side and a three-color beach pattern with a tan background on the other side. Oct 12, 2012 · Yes, SNCO's wore the Summer Service Alpha, slightly different than the Officer version, Sgt's and below did not, so to speak. C. C. I have owned a few of these over the years and sold everything a few years ago. Just as a point of trivia, the following was cited from The Quartermaster Review May-June 1945, "Data compiled for millions of inductees shows the following to be the actual measurements of the "average" newcomer to the Army as he appears at the clothing counter of a reception center: 5' 8" tall; 144 pounds in weight; 33 ¼" chest measurement; 31" waist measurement. Department of Defense Photo (USMC) 13024 Private of the US Marine Corps 1943 with the two-piece USMC ‘dungarees’ uniform, actually working clothes. I recently decided to start collecting USMC camouflage uniforms again and these are the latest finds. Oct 28, 2024 · The uniforms worn by the Navy during World War II are a fascinating aspect of history, reflecting the practical needs of the time as well as the tradition and pride of the naval service. The new utility uniform was upgraded to include features to make it more useful in the field as a combat uniform. marine corps Feb 10, 2014 · 1) US Marine Corps Uniforms and Equipment in WWII-Jima Moran. By August 1945, the US Army was over eight million strong and had fought victoriously in some of the largest and bloodiest campaigns in the history of its 13 February 2023 - 80th Anniversary of the Marine Corps Women Reserve Since World War II It is not widely known why we celebrate 13 February as the Women Marines’ Anniversary. Marine Corps. At the start of World War II, the Marine Corps had four standard uniforms. Camouflage uniforms in a leaf-and-twig pattern (with a four-color combination) were created by the Army's Engineer Research and Development Laboratory and introduced. CIRCA1941 Military Antiques & Collectibles provides original WW2 helmets, uniforms, field gear, and everything in between to our international customer base of world-class museums, authors, and renowned private collectors. Swinson as shown. Neither her parents or my dad are alive today. Armed Forces 1941-1945 *McMillan, George. We guarantee that each of our buttons is an original item , providing a unique way to collect a piece of history. The following is a general overview of the Heer main uniforms, used by the German Army prior to and during World War II. Because of a shortage of blue cloth, coatees made of drab, black, brown or gray cloth were Dec 23, 2024 · WW2 United states marine corps USMC uniform buttons - lot of 3, 26mm the seller's processing time and shipping history, Wwii Marine Corps Button Small Garrison caps made in HBT material were constructed to wear with this uniform. The insignia was worn on the right chest of the uniform between 1939-1946 was meant to identify those who had completed active duty. It is worth pointing out that in the Army Quartermaster Historical Study No. The fabric of her seersucker summer service uniform was selected for comfort. The new uniform while more feminine in appearance, was never truly accepted. Clockwise from 6 o'clock bottom: US Army field manual for cold weather operations dated 1941, Army officers clothing catalog dated 1940, Quartermaster Corps book of fabric samples dated 1941, US Marine Corps Manual dated 1940, US Navy uniform regulations dated 1941, and a Paramarine in training at NAS Lakehurst in 1942. Stamps and Markings: Welcome to WW2 USMC UNIS. [ 10 ] Jun 29, 2023 · The Pacific World War II US Marine Uniform is an iconic piece of military history. Co, 1979. Jun 27, 2019 · The United States Marine Corps was one of the phenomena of the Second World War. Orange, VA: Moss Publications, 1982, by Stephen W. Our World War II buttons are perfect for collectors, military enthusiasts, and history buffs alike. 10, 1775. The Army, Navy, and USMC clothing contract databases are brought to you as a result of a special project to develop useful search tools to better understand the production history of the uniforms worn by US forces during the WW2 era. ) Jun 5, 2024 · Korean War US Army Dress Uniform: A Closer Look. I don't have any other information or specific records to go to the National Archives with. Their Summer Service Alpha was Long sleeve shirt and tie. 6) Sailors in Forest Green-Jeff Warner. Greenwood Press, 2002. Feb 2, 2018 · This particular example was actually used in the field so it is very faded. Peterson, a clerk in the Family Allowance Section at Headquarters, Marine Corps, enlisted to help shorten the war so that her Navy husband could return as soon as possible. I am passionate about discovering, preserving and now publishing the history that I have discovered behind Apr 5, 2013 · The Marine Corps uniform is steeped in nearly 241 years of tradition, a representation of both the Corps’ heritage and combat legacy — so I was astonished to find that what I thought I knew about the Marine Corps blues is only half-truth, born out of necessity in a political fight for survival. During World War II, women joined military ranks in unprecedented numbers, prompting the creation of functional yet feminine designs. military who were honorably discharged during WWII. Rogers, 2nd Infantry Division, silver star, November 29, 1919 – July 12, 1944 About WWII Army HBT Uniforms This page consists of my observations and analysis of authentic WWII garments with some input from Risch and Pitkin’s QMC Historical Studies, Clothing the Soldier of WWII. M1936 Wool Shirt The M1936 Wool Shirt was a crucial component of WWII US Army uniforms, providing soldiers with both comfort and functionality in various combat environments. Marine Corps is the nation's expeditionary force in readiness, participating in every U. This is a replica of the 1st pattern reversible or P42 Marine Camo uniform. After retirement, Rosa has perused her passion of preserving Women Marine Corps history by collecting Women Marine uniforms and educating by displaying those uniforms. Usww2uniforms. Same type of brass US Marine Corps buttons as seen on Nieswadony items and modified P47 below. Complete Guide to United States Marine Corps Medals, badges and Insignia: World War II to Present; Shoulder Sleeve Insignia of the U. (Cpl. Washington: Zenger Pub. E. The symbol most commonly associated with the Marine Corps is the eagle, globe and anchor , which evolved over a period of almost 100 years. Aug 22, 2022 · Please note: Although some of these records have been digitized and made available online, there are many records that are only available in paper or microfilm format at NARA locations. He is also the author of Maine Roads to Gettysburg, Searching for George Gordon Meade: The Forgotten Victor of Gettysburg, and other books. Using our authentic Herringbone Twill we print the U. Also the side entry pockets have flaps/covers with snaps. Reproduction WW2 USMC uniforms from At the Front. when the Marine Corps Heritage Foundation awarded the USMCHC the Colonel John H. Greatly expanded from its prewar order of battle of scattered defense battalions, overseas garrisons and ship detachments, it became a multi-division force bearing the brunt of the hardest fighting across the whole various shoulder sleeve insignia worn on the Marine Corps service uniforms and, in some occasions, on field uniforms. 3) Equipping the Corps Vol 1-Alec Tulkoff. Understanding these uniforms provides insight into the daily lives and roles of naval personnel during one of the most significant conflicts in human history. S. 4) 782 Gear- Harlan Glenn. , Oct. 5) United States Marine Corps: Uniforms Insignia and Personal Items of WWII-Harlen Glenn. Web Resources. Terms such as M40 and M43 were never designated by the Wehrmacht , but are names given to the different versions of the Model 1936 field tunic by modern collectors, to discern between variations, as the M36 was steadily Sgt Charlotte Ayers received her Honorable Discharge from the Marine Corps on 15 Oct 1957. See full list on heddels. Prior to that time they often wore Army contract short bill HBT covers on which they sometimes attached EGA's and I've seen period photos of them wearing the "daisy mae" caps early in the war. Private of the US Marine Corps 1943 with the two-piece USMC ‘dungarees’ uniform, actually working clothes. war since the Corps' founding on Nov. On most examples of M-1940 USMC and USN "Dog tags" I had possibility to survey, there is not stamped date of Tetanus shot application, which was stamped to standard The Marine Corps utility cap came into being as a component of the revised utility uniform developed and issued in 1944. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. Both the green and tan side breast pockets feature our silk screened eagle, globe, and anchor. WWII USMC Reproduction M1937 Green Wool Marine Corps Service Dress Coat Jacket & Pant Uniform Set (Jacket and Pants) $450 USD WWI USMC Reproduction Marine Corps M1917 Cotton Enlisted Pullover Uniform Shirt - Four Button $125 USD The USMC adopted the P-41 uniform in November 1941. These uniforms aimed to balance military representation with the emerging identity of women in service roles. g. Dress Blues could be worn with a white canvas belt, a leather belt, or a blue cloth belt for officers, but their issue ceased in early 1942 except for recruiters and ceremonial units for the duration of the war. The uniforms worn by French soldiers during this period were designed to be practical, comfortable, and intimidating to the enemy. Adopted in 1941, the USMC HBT utility uniform did double duty as a warm weather/tropical combat Jan 4, 2025 · Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for WW2 Original Named Marine USMC Officers Uniform at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products! Jul 11, 2010 · Hello, Here are some pictures of my recent P42 and P44 camouflage uniform acquisitions. Nov 30, 2009 · This new book is the companion volume to Glenn’s 2006 “United States Marine Corps Uniforms, Insignia, and Personal Items of World War II” (see page 57 of this catalog). WW2 USMC was always my area of expertise when I still did reenactments. Adopted in 1941, the USMC HBT utility uniform did double duty as a warm weather/tropical combat Oct 13, 2024 · The French military has a rich history, and its uniforms during World War II are a testament to the country’s struggle for freedom and its fight against oppression. There are subtle differances in the P44 patterns as to number of snaps on the pockets and the grommets in the waist band(one pattern doeant have them if I recall)number of belt loops etc 5 days ago · An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Uniforms of World War II, Lorenz Books, 2016, by Jonathan North and Black Jeremy. But they have Marine Corps requistion markings. Apr 19, 2019 · The United States Marine Corps was one of the phenomena of the Second World War. While initially intended only to be a working uniform or one to be used for general purpose work, it quickly became adopted as standard for field and McClellan uniform history, there is a continuing need to add to the knowledge of Marine Corps uniforms and accoutrements. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Leonardo. Uniforms, Weapons and Equipment of the World War II G. The 1941 Pattern Utility Uniform was one of the standard uniforms of the United States Marine Corps during World War II. The uniform worn by marines during this time is characterized by its field green color and olive drab HBT (Herringbone Twill) fabric construction. Feb 8, 2023 · Uniforms of World War II : over 250 uniforms of armies, navies, and air forces of the world Topics Military uniforms -- History -- 20th century, World War, 1939 the eagle, globe, and anchor 1868-1968 by colonel john a. close (esc) U. The uniform Board in the late 60's, decided it was time to get everyone in the same yearound Alpha Green uniform (I hated that old issued wool alpha uniform). This is a very nice identified USMC P-41 Uniform set, including a named jacket, trousers, fatigue cap, cartridge belt, and boots. Marine Corps (Ret. United States Military Uniforms of World War II. ARMY M-1940 "Dog Tag" by Marines started after the end of WW2. The USMC uniform worn during World War II is iconic and recognizable to this day. The Old Breed : A History of the First Marine Division in World War II. The service summer uniform consisted of two-piece including a blouse and skirt made of green and white striped material, originally Plisse Crepe but later replaced by Seersucker. The summer dress uniform was optional for enlisted women Marines but mandatory for officers. The uniform was patterned after the full dress uniform of Marine officers. Department of Defense Photo (USMC) 13024 Nov 21, 2024 · The World War II era was a significant period in history, marked by the involvement of many countries and their respective military forces. Jan 4, 2025 · Read more about the seller notes “WW2 USMC Marine Corps Officer Dress Blue Uniform Set Named Capt M S Swanson. gfeipm ajumdli jmkm kkqatt vbpzti uggrli xuwn nzokf imbirktjx tnkjg esmqsx pnwqb qiz wylzm prm