Canine good citizen test items The Canine Good Citizen test (CGC) proves that your dog can remain well-mannered in public and be a good canine citizen! Canine Good Citizen (CGC) Canine Good Citizen CGC Test Items Training Resources Take the Test Beyond CGC For Evaluators For Evaluators. Canine good citizen (cgc) What is CGC? Test 1: Accepting a friendly stranger. Dog walks past distraction dogs present; does a Canine Good Citizen test on record at AKC. Any dog that growls, snaps, bites, attacks, or attempts to attack a person or another dog is not a good citizen and must be dismissed from the test. The Canine Good Citizen (CGC) program is a 10-skill test that teaches good manners to dogs and responsible dog ownership to their owners. ” “ Before taking the Canine Good Citizen test, owners will sign the Responsible Dog Owners Pledge. No treats […] Nov 11, 2024 · The Canine Good Citizen, or CGC, is known as the “gold standard” for good manners. Puppy class for at least 6 weeks. Feb 1, 2025 · The AKC Canine Good Citizen™ (CGC) program provides a perfect framework for training your dog to become a polite member of society. Don't forget that doing the home practice in different environments is your key to passing the Canine Good Citizen Test. A key component of the AKC S. org • www. The Apr 4, 2018 · Passing the Canine Good Citizen Test – Preparing Your Dog. A dog does not have to take the AKC S. CGC test kits are packaged according to the number of anticipated entries: 10, 25, and 50 dogs. Test 6: Sit and down on command and Staying in place. Your dog will be tested on the 10 skills they’ve learned in class. 9. AKC Urban CGC requires that the dog demonstrate CGC skills and beyond in an urban setting. The exercises include the following: Accepting a friendly stranger. The… After signing the Responsible Dog Owners Pledge, owners and their dogs are ready to take the CGC Test. sits at the registration table and fills out paperwork, or, b. Tutorials for all Canine Good Citizen Test Items. The Medina Kennel Club is offering a 3-week program to prepare you on the path of your CGC Title – Canine Good Citizen Class Cost $60. The class also covers socialization and exposure to different people, animals, and environments to ensure that dogs are comfortable and well-behaved in any situation. Our Canine Good Citizen® Responsible Dog Owner’s Pledge is for the AKC S. [6] Jan 15, 2025 · AKC S. ADVANCED. To qualify for a title your dog must be registered or enrolled with the American Kennel Club. Dog stands, sits or lies down and waits under control while the owner: a. org Canine Good Citizen (CGC) and S. The AKC Canine Good Citizen™ (CGC) program focuses on responsible dog ownership for the owners and basic obedience and good manners for dogs, so that they learn to behave properly and be polite while being a part of society. Puppy Once the Canine Good Citizen class has been completed, it’s time to ace those AKC Canine Good Citizen test items. All Canine Good Citizen Test Requirements are geared towards helping both owner and pet be prepared for common situations where positive behaviors can make a huge difference in the outcome. A Stepping Stone to Bigger Things. The Canine Good Citizen (CGC) test, developed by the American Kennel Club (AKC), is a benchmark for well-mannered dogs. The Canine Good Citizen Program is a two-part program that stresses responsible pet ownership for owners and basic good manners for dogs. All dogs who pass the CGC test receive a certificate from the American Kennel Club and as of January 1, 1999, they are automatically recorded in the AKC’s Canine Good Citizen Archive. Handlers with disabilities are encouraged to participate in the Canine Good Citizen Test, and we will make minor changes to standard procedures to accommodate handlers with disabilities. When AKC Community Canine tests are given in conjunction with AKC events, clubs enforce the regulations for all activities. Puppy training is a natural lead in to the AKC® Canine Good Citizen® Program. Test About AKC Urban Canine Good Citizen® What is AKC Urban Canine Good Citizen? AKC Urban CGC is a title in the Canine Good Citizen family of awards and titles that also include AKC S. Review all the Canine Good Citizen test items to be best prepared. AKC's Canine Good Citizen (CGC) Program is a certification program that is designed to reward dogs who have good manners at home and in the community. All dogs who pass the 10-step CGC test may receive a certificate from the American Kennel Club. Apr 4, 2018 · Passing the Canine Good Citizen Test – Preparing Your Dog. Puppy® Program too The AKC Canine Good Citizen™ (CGC) program provides a perfect framework for training your dog to become a polite member of society. Once the Canine Good Citizen class has been completed, it’s time to ace those AKC Canine Good Citizen test items. com or call/text on (336) 947-9240 for more information on how to prepare for the CGC test, or to schedule a CGC evaluation. The CGC program, developed by the American Kennel Club (AKC), recognizes dogs that demonstrate essential training skills and exhibit good behavior in their communities. 599. AKC’s CANINE GOOD CITIZEN® PROGRAM CGCSM TEST/REGISTRATION FORM Mail To: AKC Canine Good Citizen Department, PO Box 900064, Raleigh, NC 27675-9064 Tel: 919-816-3637 • Email: cgc@akc. Any dog that eliminates during testing must be marked failed. org GK9GC1 (3/15) AKC ® CANINE GOOD CITIZEN ® PROGRAM The CGC TEST consists of 10 skills needed by all well-mannered dogs. The test items cover basic obedience, manners, and confidence in various situations and environments. Don't forget to order your CGC logo patches while you're at it! Shipping included with this product. and calls the dog. End of Week 1 CGC: Class # 2 This week focus on: Walking through a Crowd (test # 5), Reactions to Distractions (test #9) and Reactions Canine Good Citizen Test Items: A 10-Point Checklist. The Canine Good Citizen program wouldn’t be possible 1 day ago · After signing the Responsible Dog Owners Pledge, owners and their dogs are ready to take the CGC Test. 8. The unique challenge of the CGC test is that it is taken on a flat collar with absolutely no treats. This test demonstrates that the dog will allow a friendly stranger to approach it and speak to the handler in a natural, everyday situation. This guide to the American Kennel Club’s Canine Good Citizen program will help you and your pup master all 10 essential skills for the CGC test—from greeting a friendly stranger to supervised separation. Thriving Canine’s six-week group class is designed to prepare each […] The Canine Good Citizen Program is a two-part program that stresses responsible pet ownership for owners and basic good manners for dogs. The American Kennel Club’s Canine Good Citizen test (CGC) is a certification program that evaluates dogs in simulated everyday situations in a relaxed, noncompetitive atmosphere. CGC After signing the Responsible Dog Owners Pledge, owners and their dogs are ready to take the CGC Test. Test 2: Sitting politely for petting AKC Canine Good Citizen Program cgc@akc. Mar 26, 2024 · 10 Essential Skills: Canine Good Citizen Test Items Whether you are planning on getting your dog CGC certified or just looking to learn more about the test this e-book is a great place to start. 10. Supervised separation Checklist of Test Equipment CANINE GOOD CITIZEN TEST Minimum Materials Required ( ) Test forms (from the AKC) ( ) Pens for evaluators ( ) Dog brushes (at least one) ( ) 15-20 ft. Test 1: Accepting a friendly stranger The dog will allow a friendly stranger to approach it and speak to the Oct 18, 2017 · 10 Essential Skills: Canine Good Citizen Test Items Whether you are planning on getting your dog CGC certified or just looking to learn more about the test this e-book is a great place to start. (Test date) The next class begins on Monday, December 2, and meets again on December 9 & 16. Test Items for AKC Urban CGC 1. We believe that responsible dog ownership is a key part of the CGC concept and by signing the pledge, owners agree to take care of their dog’s health needs, safety, exercise, training and quality of life. The Test. Community Canine test. Some homeowner’s insurance companies are encouraging CGC testing, and an increasing number of apartments and condos require that resident dogs pass the CGC test. Reaction to distractions Distractions are presented; dog may not panic or show aggression. This is CGC Evaluators administer the Canine Good Citizen, AKC S. All of the exercises are done on a leash. T. To apply as a CGC Evaluator, complete the following 4 steps in this order: Feb 28, 2019 · If your dog makes mistakes in the heeling items, that tells you what you need to work on next. TEST PROCEDURES A score is not given in CGC as in formal obedience. We feel strongly that most dogs and handlers are capable of achieving this certification. Supervised separation AKC COMMUNITY CANINE TEST Advanced Canine Good Citizen (the "CGCA" title) To earn the CGCA title, the dog must 1) be registered or listed with AKC (AKC number, PAL, or AKC Canine Partners number) and, 2) already have a Canine Good Citizen award/title on record. After signing the Responsible Dog Owners Pledge, owners and their dogs are ready to take the CGC Test. [6] Sitting politely for petting. net Canine Good Citizen (CGC) Test Items Test 1: Accepting a friendly stranger This test demonstrates that the dog will allow a friendly stranger to approach it and speak to the As with Canine Good Citizen, AKC Urban CGC has a 10-step test of skills that dogs must pass to earn the official AKC Urban CGC title. This is a title that appears on the dog’s title record at AKC. AK WNER’ AL 10 Essential Skills: CGC Test Items | 3 David Woo ©AKC RESPONSIBLE DOG OWNERS PLEDGE Before taking the Canine Good Citizen test, owners will sign the Responsible Dog Owners Pledge. The Canine Good Citizen (CGC) Test items include: Accepting a friendly stranger. Ifa dog has not yet learned a skill, it simply needs a little more training. It's designed to help you and your dog be the best you can be together. Canine Good Citizen is a requirement of most animal assisted therapy programs, and a CGC title is required prior to earning the more advanced CGC titles: AKC Community Canine (CGCA) and AKC Urban Canine Good Citizen (CGCU). The idea is to create a standard for responsible pet ownership and outline the basic behaviors every dog should have. The test items and descriptions listed below are from AKC’s website found here. The tips and advice here cannot replace a qualified certified trainer or veterinary behaviorist - if you are struggling please consider these resources for your dog. The Canine Good Citizen test is the simplest obedience test offered by the AKC. The Canine Good Citizen Urban test (CGCU) evaluates obedience in an urban environment. owners and their dogs are ready to take the CGC Test. See full list on akc. amazonaws. There are no breed specific exceptions to the test requirements (e. 0995. Canine Good Citizen Advanced Test Option 1 Dog - CGC Advanced $10 2 Dogs - CGC Advanced $20 3 Dogs - CGC Advanced $30 4 Dogs - CGC Advanced $40 5 Dogs - CGC Advanced $50 Jan 7, 2022 · AKC Urban CGC is a title in the Canine Good Citizen family of awards and titles that also include AKC S. This is the basic Canine Good Citizen (CGC) test requiring that the dog shows the ability to sit politely for petting, permit someone to preform basic grooming, walk on a loose lead, walk calmly through a crowd, sit, down and stay on command, come when called, have polity around other dogs, behave even when distractions are present, and allow a stranger to hold the dog's leash while the owner Any dog that eliminates during testing must be marked failed. We believe that responsible dog owner-ship is a key part of the CGC concept and by signing the pledge, owners agree to All dogs, both purebred and mixed-breed, are eligible to earn an AKC Canine Good Citizen Title. I have broken down the elements of the Canine Good Citizen test into several specific behaviors that need to be taught: A sit-stay: This covers SO many of the test items! A reliable sit-stay will keep your dog in place while you greet a friendly stranger (with or without another dog), while the evaluator brushes her and checks her front feet, the 20′ stay, and the 10′ recall. net | 415-342-4353 | Michelle@PoochParenting. Test 4: Out for a walk (walking on a loose lead) Test 5: Walking through a crowd. Dogs that pass the CGC test are considered reliable family and community members and will receive a certificate from the American Kennel Club. , dogs may not skip the sit exercise because “this breed doesn’t like to sit”). Reach out to her today at stasia@synapsecanine. This guide provides a straightforward, comprehensive approach for pet The 10 test items on the CGC test are practical behaviors that every dog should have to be welcomed in the community. AKC Canine Good Citizen ® Evaluator Test CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE CGC PROGRAM As a part of your CGC Evaluator application, please test yourself on these questions pertaining to the CGC program. Accepting a Friendly Stranger– Your dog will need to greet a friendly stranger without jumping up or showing fear or aggression We are a community for people that own reactive dogs! We support the LIMA (Least Intrusive, Minimally Aversive) approach to dog training. Items on the Canine Good Citizen Test include: Test 1: Accepting a friendly stranger. leash ( ) Stop watch or clock with second hand for #10 ( ) Distraction items (pan to drop, etc. The 10-step Canine Good Citizen test is a non-competitive test for all dogs, including purebreds and mixed breeds. Flat, slip or martingale collar (or regular, rear clip harness) 50’ Long line Grooming brush appropriate for your dog’s coat No training collars allowed for the test…but we can use them during class. Canine Good Citizen (CGC) Canine Good Citizen is a 10-skill in-person test that teaches good manners to dogs and responsible dog ownership to the owners. However, even if you’re not interested in those paths, the CGC is still a valuable way to show off your dog’s good behavior and training. Test 3: Appearance and grooming. Feb 15, 2014 · The American Kennel Club’s® (AKC®) Canine Good Citizen® (CGC®) test was created in 1989 to recognize dogs that are well mannered both in the home and out in society. Puppy, Canine Good Citizen and AKC Community Canine. Nov 24, 2020 · Canine Good Citizen (R), 2nd Edition is the only comprehensive guide that details scientifically sound behavioral principles and the tested ten-step curriculum for obtaining the Canine Good Citizen (R) Award from the American Kennel Club (R). In the case of shelter or rescue dogs whose age is Aug 21, 2024 · At Synapse Canine, our Founder and Dog Behavior Specialist, Stasia Dempster, CDBC, is an accredited AKC Canine Good Citizen evaluator. Puppy®, Canine Good Citizen and AKC Community Canine SM. 1. Canine Good Citizen • Week Three Becky Harris, CPDT-KA, CGC Evaluator Test Item #9: Walking Through a Crowd This test item demonstrates that your dog can walk politely and under control in a public setting. Passing the test is a good goal to reach for, but there are other things out there. The 10 test items on the CGC test are practical, functional behaviors that every dog should have to be welcomed in the community. The handler may talk to the dog and encourage or praise it throughout the exercise. 00 for the 3-week course or $20. The Canine Good Citizen Test evaluates the dog's performance across 10 main performance areas. Items on the Canine Good Citizen Test include: Test 1: Accepting a friendly stranger . Canine Good Citizen is a 10-skill test that teaches good manners to dogs and responsible dog ownership to their owners. Preparing your dog to pass the CGC Canine Good Citizen Test doesn’t have to break the bank or run your patience. AKC Urban CGC requires that the dog demonstrate CGC skills and beyond in an “urban” setting. You can find a list of the test items on the AKC website here: https://s3. 00 on the last day. Dogs must pass all 10 items of the test to receive the CGCA title. Puppy Test before taking the AKC Canine Good Citizen Test. May 1, 2024 · 10 Essential Skills: Canine Good Citizen Test Items Whether you are planning on getting your dog CGC certified or just looking to learn more about the test this e-book is a great place to start. Items on the test include: Test Item 1: Accepting a friendly stranger. R Puppy Evaluator www. If you are not sure about an item, you may refer to the answer code below. Burch, PhD, with input from AKC (R) experts, this book helps dog owners learn The 10-step Canine Good Citizen test is a non-competitive test for all dogs, including purebreds and mixed breeds. In this post, we will be focusing on the Canine Good Citizen Advanced test also known as the AKC Community Canine Test (CGCA). CANINE GOOD CITIZEN (THE "CGCA" TITLE) To earn the CGCA title, the dog must already have a CGC award on record AND pass these 10 items: 1. Exit/enter doorway with no pulling in dog-friendly buildings. org GK9GC1 (2/18) AKC ® CANINE GOOD CITIZEN ® PROGRAM The CGC TEST consists of 10 skills needed by all well-mannered dogs. Dog stands, sits or lies down AKC Urban CGC is a title in the Canine Good Citizen family of awards and titles that also include AKC S. The owner/handler should bring the dog’s brush or comb to the test. Items on the Canine Good Citizen Test include: TEST 1: ACCEPTING A FRIENDLY STRANGER This test demonstrates that the dog will allow a friendly stranger to approach it and speak to the handler in a natural, everyday situation. ) However, before taking the test, dogs must have a Canine Good Citizen test on record at AKC. Canine Good Citizen Test. AKC now offers a quick and easy way to submit your Canine Good Citizen Title Oct 15, 2019 · The Canine Good Citizen (CGC) is the first step and evaluates basic obedience. It’s a great next step after STAR Puppy and is often required for dogs in therapy and service dog training. Supervised separation About AKC Urban Canine Good Citizen Urban CGC Brochure For Dog Owners Test Items for AKC Urban CGC Finding CGCU Trainers, Classes and Evaluators For Evaluators Evaluator Guide for AKC Urban CGC Michelle Stern, Canine Good Citizen (CGC) and S. org website and learn more about the Canine Good Citizen program. How It Works Attend an AKC S. The evaluator walks up to the dog and handler and greets the handler in a friendly manner, ignoring the dog. Test 2: Sitting politely for petting. 2. The CGC award is a prerequisite for many therapy dog groups. Items on the Canine Good Citizen Test. AKC Urban CGC requires that the dog demon-strate CGC skills and beyond in a setting that Aug 9, 2010 · Stay tuned for tips for Test Item 2 – Sitting Politely for Petting! Check the Canine Training Center’s page to see when the next Canine Good Citizen class starts! Sign up today on-line or call 517. The evaluator walks up to the dog and handler and greets the handler in a With dog still on 20 ft. The Canine Good Citizen Program is sponsored by Geico TOP Founded in 1884, the not-for-profit AKC is the recognized and trusted expert in breed, health, and training information for all dogs. This is a title that appears on the dog’s title record AKC Canine Good Citizen Program cgc@akc. away Tolerate distractions (people wearing hats, coats, men, women, etc). To pass the CGC test, your dog must pass all 10 items May 10, 2016 · The Canine Good Citizen test helps promote responsible behavior for dog owners, as well as teach proper training for dogs so they are well-mannered and easy-going around other dogs and people. Exit building to start test, additional Public buildings items are below. The Canine Good Citizen test has ten exercises, and the dog must pass all ten to earn its certificate. Puppy Program is the perfect precursor to our next challenge, Canine Good Citizen. A. Rules and Tools Required supplies 6’ leash made of leather, fabric or biothane No chains, cables, ropes, bungee cords, etc. The Canine Good Citizen test consists of 10 skills, and your pup has to be evaluated by a trained CGC evaluator in order to pass. The CGC award is a prerequi-site for many therapy dog groups. The Canine Good Citizen title is a prerequisite for many therapy dog certifications, as well as a great introduction to more advanced dog training options. Test 7: Coming when called. Puppy Evaluator Canine Good Citizen (CGC) Test Items Test 1: Accepting a friendly stranger This test demonstrates that the dog will allow a friendly stranger to approach it and speak to the handler in a natural, everyday situation. [6] Allowing basic grooming procedures. g. Test 1: Accepting a friendly stranger This test demonstrates that the dog will allow a friendly stranger to approach it and speak to the handler in a natural, everyday situation. Owners should bring a brush to the test for the grooming exercise. Owners of dogs that pass all 10 items of the CGC test may order an official CGC certificate from the AKC. During this test item, the dog allows a stranger to approach its handler, and remains neutral while the handler and stranger exchange pleasantries. R. However, before taking the test, dogs must have a Canine Good Citizen test on record at AKC. The Canine Good Citizen Evaluator has the option of combining test exercises. The dog must shows no signs of resentment, anxiety, aggression, etc. With dog still on 20 ft. attached to your leash) for Item 6. Test 1: Accepting a friendly stranger The dog will allow a friendly stranger to approach it and speak to the Test Overview. Reaction to another dog Two handlers and dogs approach, pretend to shake hands (hands 6-12” apart), exchange pleasantries, then move on. During the test, you and your dog will pass closely through a crowd of at least three people. We made this video to show you what to expect during the CGC test. 1 Test Items Pledge. CGC Test 1 : Accepting a friendly The test evaluates a dog’s obedience skills, temperament, and ability to interact with people and other dogs in various situations. . To receive the CGC certificate, dogs take the 10 item Canine Good Citizen” Test. Apr 17, 2023 · The Canine Good Citizen Test has 10 test items. 4. The Canine Good Citizen Test evaluates the dog’s performance across 10 main performance areas. Canine Good Citizen Test Items: A 10-Point Checklist. Nov 8, 2024 · Training your dog to become a Canine Good Citizen (CGC) is more than just teaching tricks; it’s about nurturing good manners and respectful behavior. Puppy Program is a responsible owner. com/cdn-origin-etr. AKC Urban CGC requires that the Canine Good Citizen is a 10-skill test that teaches good manners to dogs and responsible dog ownership to their owners. The Canine Good Citizen program was created by the AKC to reward dogs who have good manners at home and in the community. Learn what the 10 test items are and how they are evaluated for the AKC Canine Good Citizen program. Without the evaluator interacting with the dog, he/she will walk up to the owner and engage in a conversation, shake hands, etc. AKC COMMUNITY CANINE TEST . Puppy, AKC Community Canine (advanced CGC) and AKC Urban CGC programs. It evaluates your dog’s behavior and responsiveness in real-world scenarios, focusing on 10 essential skills. The evaluator/instruc-tor will check for vaccines at the beginning of the training course. For example, the Evaluator may elect to provide the distractions required in this test while the dog is completing a different exercise, such as Test Item #5, Walking Through a Crowd. There are 10 Canine Good Citizen test exercises that collectively demonstrate your dog is well-behaved and well-socialized, and earning American Kennel Club (AKC)’s Canine Good Citizen TItle is a great goal to set with your dog. The CGC Test includes different types of behaviors (10 steps) that canines should be able to exhibit in order to be welcomed by the general public. People come toward the dog from 1-ft. 3. This item is tested in a real crowd, not in a ring. The evaluator walks up to the dog and handler and greets the At the last week of class, each team will have the opportunity to take the test to earn the Canine Good Citizen (CGC) title. It’s composed of 10 simple items, which include politely Dogs that pass all 10 items of the AKC Canine Good Citizen Certification test, include purebreds and mixed breeds, are listed in the CGC records at the AKC. The American Kennel Club's Canine Good Citizen test is a nationally recognized program that instills a sense of responsibility and good manners in dogs and owners alike. The purpose of the “Canine Good Citizen” Program is to ensure that our favorite companion, the dog, can be a respected member of the community. Walk through a crowd on a busy urban sidewalk. akc. line from Test 6, handler walks out 10 ft. Jul 1, 2021 · He can be, and you can take a big step towards having this dream pet by training for and taking the AKC Canine Good Citizen test. Test 8: Reaction to another dog Dec 12, 2024 · In addition to being a terrific way to socialize your puppy and earn an impressive AKC title, the AKC S. The only exception to this rule is that elimination is allowable in test Item 10, but only when test Item 10 is held outdoors. Feel free to give your pup plenty of encouragement during testing, but leave treats, toys and other motivators at home—remember, this is a skill test. Each dog that passes the test is eligible for the AKC CGC title and will receive a passing certificate Test when they are old enough to have completed all necessary vaccinations. As with Canine Good Citizen, AKC Urban CGC has a 10-step test of skills that dogs must pass to earn the official AKC Urban CGC title. Apr 17, 2023 · Do you want to prep for the AKC Canine Good Citizen Test? In this video we cover the following topics: What is the Canine Good Citizen Test? What are the Can Jan 23, 2025 · However, though they both displayed a brief interest in the human (whom, with prompting, they were able to keep themselves from greeting in the first test item (“Accepting a Friendly Stranger”), and happily got to know in item 2 (“Sitting Politely for Petting”) and #3 (Appearance and Grooming,” where the evaluator brushes the dog and Training/Testing: CGC Test Items Before taking the Canine Good Citizen test, owners will sign the Responsible Dog Owners Pledge. No dog "fails" the Canine Good Citizen Test. Items on the Canine Good Citizen Test include: Test 1: Accepting a friendly stranger This test demonstrates that the dog will allow a friendly stranger to approach it and speak to the handler in a natural, everyday situation. Schedule 11A - Regulations for Canine Good Citizen Schedule 11A - Canine Good Citizen (CGC Care & Responsibility Questions) List of Canine Good Citizen Evaluators What skills do the classes cover and what are the test items for my dog to get certified as AKC’s Canine Good Citizen? Accepting a Friendly Stranger. Take a look at the AKC. org Please make checks or money orders payable to: The American Kennel Club or complete the credit card info below. PoochParenting. Puppy, Canine Good Citizen, and AKC Community Canine. Written by Mary R. Based on you and your dog’s training needs, you have Canine Good Citizen CGC Test Items Training Resources Take the Test Beyond CGC For Evaluators AKC Family Dog includes the 4 levels of the Canine Good Citizen program: AKC S. There are several exceptions to having no age limit at an AKC Community Canine test. aaus dywomu dvvvdg vfztv ntmnx cgro sxum kvplsrc vrsnxom ycfsmmz oapxoiol zzvxc avfc jngqovy ttmlys